Can entropy be defined for, and the Second Law applied to living systems?

As can be seen from the title, this article consists of two distinguishable questions: The first, concerns the possibility of defining entropy, and the second, concerns the applicability of the Second Law. In most cases, writers intertwine the two concepts on entropy and the Second Law 1,2 . In fact, most people define the Second Law as “the law of increasing entropy.” 1-2 This is unfortunately, not true. One can define, interpret, and apply the concept of entropy without ever mentioning the Second Law. By the same token, one can also formulate, interpret and apply the Second Law without mentioning the concept of entropy 3,5 .